This is the Maryland State monument at the Antietam National Battlefield.

He was killed during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 9th, 1864 – one of the four highest-ranking Union officers killed in the war.

Grant described the battle as the first significant engagement in which the Colored Troops had seen combat.

Due to Lee’s ability to vanquish a much larger foe through audacious tactics.

This is the Pry House on the Antietam battlefield, which served as Union Commander George B. McClellan’s headquarters during the battle.

Lee rated Pender as on of the most promising of his commanders after his performances in the Seven Days Battles, Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.

The Battle of Monocacy was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland in an attempt to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia.

His efforts to bisect the Federal line failed. The Army of the Potomac successfully retreated to the strong position at Malvern Hill.

In January 1862, the Battle of Mill Springs was the first significant Union victory of the war.

McDowell resolved to attack the Confederate left flank at the Stone Bridge and crossing Sudley Springs to Matthews Hill.

Known as “Hancock the Superb,” he was noted in particular for his personal leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.

Grant and Sherman were attempting to take Vicksburg by a direct approach over the winter. The Vicksburg campaign did not begin in earnest until four months later in April 1863.

After Grant abandoned the stalemate following the Battle of North Anna, he once again swung widely around Lee's right flank, encountering Rebel troopers in the process. Another bloody cavalry battle ensued, lasting over seven hours.

This was the surrender that earned Grant the nickname of “Unconditional Surrender” Grant.

The Seven Days Battles were from June 25th - July 1st, 1862. The Battle of Hanover Court House was May 27th, 1862.

Both Jericho Mill and Ox Ford were locations to cross the river, since the main crossing over Chesterfield Bridge was heavily defended by the Confederates.

Most of Forrest's battles took part in Alabama and Tennessee. Kennesaw Mountain is in Georgia.

No, the Union withstood five attacks before they were forced to retreat. However, they delayed Early’s advance on Washington by a full day.

Both bridges were defended by Federals, but withdrew in the face of the larger Confederate force.

Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans used lightning-fast speed to capture mountain passes, driving the Confederates out of Middle Tennessee.

A Confederate signal officer 8 miles away on Signal Hill observed the Union army attempting to flank, and the Rebels hastily formed a new line on Matthews Hill.

After Joseph E. Johnston began a withdrawal from Yorktown toward Richmond, the first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred during the Battle of Williamsburg.

General William T. Sherman described the campaign as “One damn blunder from beginning to end.”

A.P Hill grew impatient and began his attack without orders into a futile series of assaults.

Longstreet’s Corps had just arrived after an all-night march from Gordonsville.

This siege mortar named, “The Dictator” was used in Petersburg, Virginia.

After winning the First Battle of Bull Run, he held several commands in the Western Theater, but is most known for his defense of Petersburg, Virginia.

Burnside was hoping to move around the weakened Confederate right flank, but was completely unaware 3,000 new men would be facing them.

In support of Kershaw’s and Anderson’s brigades, Semmes’ brigade pushed the Union forces out of the Wheatfield and across Plum Run Valley.

Stuart’s troopers were trying to get between Sheridan’s Federal troopers and Richmond, but were overwhelmed by the superior numbers and firepower of the Union.

Part of his raid into Missouri, Confederate Maj. General Sterling Price did not believe his force was in danger, so he split them, but was caught attempting to cross Mine Creek.

This is the Antietam visitors center, which is currently being renovated.

The army then became the Army of the Potomac, where McDowell became a division commander.

The two previously met in battle the month before during the Battle of Bentonville, where the Confederates were soundly defeated.

This victory aided the reelection of Abraham Lincoln just two weeks later.

During the battle, Lee attempted to surround the Union garrison atop Cheat Mountain, but the attack was never launched, due to false information from prisoners and poor communications among the various Confederate commands.

Custer’s men collided with Wade Hampton’s Confederate cavalry on the road between Hunterstown and Gettysburg.

While many mention the final assault as being against Snodgrass Hill – this was just one portion of the larger Horseshoe Ridge.

The same location where Brig. Gen. Montgomery Meigs first described the action on Lookout Mountain as the "Battle Above the Clouds"

After being shot in the thigh on July 2^nd at the Battle of Gettysburg, Vincent died five days later on July 7^th, 1863.

The battle was known as the Battle of Oak Hills in the Confederacy, and sometimes called the “Bull Run of the West.”

Sherman spotted a cluster of Confederate generals — Polk, William J. Hardee, and Johnston, with their staff, in an exposed area, and were immediately shelled.

The object of the campaign was to threaten Richmond from the east, but it was stopped by forces under Confederate Gen. P.G.T Beauregard

But was a strategic victory for the Confederacy, because his aggressiveness suggested that he possessed a much larger force, convincing President Abraham Lincoln to keep troops in the Valley.

Also known as the Breakthrough at Petersburg, this battle ended the Siege of Petersburg and opened the Appomattox Campaign.

Fighting mostly in the Eastern Theater, he commanded divisions under Generals Stonewall Jackson and Richard Ewell, and later commanded a corps.

He was wounded in the thigh by the same bullet that killed Brig. Gen. Lawrence Branch, but ultimately felled during Meade’s assault south of the city.

Known as Lee’s “Old War Horse,” Longstreet served under Lee as a corps commander for most of the battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia.

Meant to be a demonstration, the Union troops advanced up the ridge after realizing their positions at the base of the hill would make them vulnerable to Confederate artillery.

All assaults against James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights were repulsed with heavy losses, forcing Burnside to withdraw his army on December 15th, 1862.

It was used during Confederate Brig. Gen John B. Magruder’s attack on Edwin Sumner’s rearguard at the station.

If just one other regiment had joined the 15^th AL attack, it might have swept 20^th Maine from the hill and turned the Union flank.

After smashing through the Peach Orchard and entering Plum Run, a mile into the assault, Barksdale’s men were counterattacked by Willard’s brigade.

He started to pursue the retreating Union soldiers when he received word that both Jackson and his senior division commander, Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill, had been wounded.

This was the battle where the Confederates drove the Federals down the steep slope into the Potomac River.

The western leg of the Mule Shoe was the scene of the heaviest fighting, known as the “Bloody Angle.”

Fleetwood Hill was the prominent hill where a series of confusing charges and countercharges swept back and forth across the hill. St. Mary's Church was nearby, and was a Confederate cannon location.

It was one of the few Confederate victories of the Atlanta campaign. Sherman sustained 3,000 casualties compared to Johnston’s 1,000.

Though outnumbered, entrenching and better defending the strong position at the gap could have slowed down Longstreet’s 28,000 troops.

The artillery saved the day for Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, as Braxton Bragg left the field of battle for Tullahoma.

This is the Illinois State Memorial in the Vicksburg National Military Park.

Pope was banished far from the Eastern Theater to Minnesota, where he commanded U.S. Forces in the Dakota War of 1862.

This is Elkhorn Tavern on the Pea Ridge Battlefield in northwest Arkansas

This is Burnside’s Bridge, part of the afternoon phase of battle south of Sharpsburg during the Battle of Antietam.

This is the Stone House, a prominent landmark for both the first and second battles of Manassas/Bull Run.

Confederate president Jefferson Davis wanted a more aggressive general, but Hood established his reputation as the most recklessly aggressive general in the Confederate Army.

Similar to Shiloh, the Federals held off the Confederate attack on the first day, then drove the Rebels off the battlefield on the second day.

Stony Creek Depot was where Lee’s supplies were crated from the Weldon Railroad to Petersburg, much further south from the path of Lee’s retreat.

While shielding the withdrawal of Lee’s army, Kilpatrick pursued Stuart’s cavalry.

While Chamberlain is the “Lion of the Round Top,” Warren initiated the defense of Little Round Top, recognizing the importance of the undefended position on the left flank of the Union Army.

The painting depicts the morning of December 13^th, 1862, where the Army of the Potomac crossed the Rappahannock to assault Fredericksburg.

Sheridan’s cavalry were instrumental in the Battles of Stones River, Chickamauga, the Overland Campaign, Valley Campaign of 1864, and the Appomattox Campaign.

Reynolds was killed during the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, leading his men into Herbst’s Woods.

Following the battle, the Union maintained control of Kentucky for the rest of the war.

He was killed leading a counterattack in the Battle of Wilson’s Creek. Maj. Samuel Sturgis replaced him and retreated from the field.

The battle is also known as Carter’s Farm and Stephenson’s Depot.

The battle was part of Sheridan’s Richmond raid during the Overland Campaign, carefully feeling his way southward through the outer defensive works.

While the fighting was inconclusive, the Confederate withdrawal gave the Union a strategic victory.

The goal of the campaign was to draw neutral Kentucky into the Confederacy by outflanking Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell.

Fought near Kansas City in October 23, 1864, the battle ended the last Confederate offensive west of the Mississippi River, causing Sterling Price’s army to retreat.

Pope had moved his forces near Cedar Mountain, from where he could launch cavalry raids on Gordonsville, but ran into Stonewall Jackson’s forces instead.

Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan advanced his lines with the objective of bringing Richmond within range of his siege guns.

This is the Innis House on the Sunken Road at Marye’s Heights in Fredericksburg.

Don Carlos Buell took part in the Battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Perryville. He was relieved of field command in late 1862 and made no more significant military contributions during the war.

The Confederate artillery officer was mortally wounded at the Five Forks intersection while defending from Union cavalrymen.

This allowed the Federals to build breastworks south of Franklin, which contributed to the massive defeat of the Confederates the next day.

Followed by Spotsylvania Court House (~30k), Wilderness (~29k), and then Chancellorsville (~24k).

McPherson was the second-highest-ranking Union officer to be killed in action during the war. The highest ranking was John Sedgwick.

While the Battle of New Market is in the Shenandoah Valley, that battle was earlier in the year, (May 1864) and not part of Sheridan's campaign.

The Union army retreated toward Washington and fought with the pursuing Confederate corps under Stonewall Jackson on September 1, 1862.

Thomas was a slow, deliberate general, best known for his stout defense earning him his famous nickname, “the Rock of Chickamauga.”

The men immediately began marching overland towards Port Gibson, Mississippi, where, on May 1, they fought the Battle of Port Gibson.

After being returned to field command in 1864, only to be captured by Confederates, becoming the highest-ranking Union prisoner of war.

The Overland Campaign had the most, with approximately 55,000 casualties on the Union side and 33,600 on the Confederate, mainly because of the Battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor.

Stonewall Jackson won the next battle as well, after his troops burned the bridge behind them, forcing the Federals to watch helplessly as their troops were defeated at Port Republic.

This was in addition to Forrest launching a pincer attack from his extreme right and left wings.

McLaw’s was court-martialed by Braxton Bragg for neglect of duty, but was returned to duty by Jefferson Davis the same day.

The Warren statue is on Little Round Top, as he was the first to recognize the important of the location in protecting the Union flank.

The battle resulted from Gen. Grant's initiative to keep Union forces on the offensive and prevent Confederates from shuttling troops from one region to another. The quick Union advance caught Lee off guard, so he sent Jones and 4,000 men to the valley.

The battle took place on December 15-16, 1864, where John Bell Hood faced off against Union commander George H. Thomas.

Fitzhugh Lee and George Pickett dismissed the courier’s reports, but the officers soon heard the gunfire and saw the Union Army battle line coming toward the road.

Gideon Pillow also escaped by ship, while Simon Bolivar Buckner remained behind to surrender the army to Grant.

Sheridan’s finest hour was “turning what bid fair to be a disaster into glorious victory” rallying his defeated men to win the Battle of Cedar Creek.

Even though it could have been a massive, coordinated attack with over 57,000 men, the Confederates still broke the Federal line, forcing them to retreat across the Chickahominy River that night.

While leading a charge against a Union camp near the “Peach Orchard”, he took a bullet behind his right knee.  P.G.T Beauregard then assumed command.

Union commander Pleasonton launched a surprise dawn attack on J.E.B Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station.

Joseph E. Johnston evacuated the state capital, but the forces soon met at the Battle of Champion Hill, two days later on May 16th, 1863.

While not the best commander in the field, Halleck performed capably as Chief of Staff, ensuring that the Union armies were well-equipped.

Unfortunately his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863.

The Confederates were surprised by the arrival of a Union corps who deployed behind a railroad embankment.

Historians sometimes claim that the 1863 Battle of Brandy Station was the largest, but of the 20,500 men engaged there, 3,000 were infantry, so it can be categorized as the largest predominantly cavalry battle. Although the casualties of the two battles were similar in absolute numbers, Trevilian Station represented higher percentages of casualties on both sides.

While his early raids were effective, his famous “Morgan’s Raid” was carried out against ordered and gained no tactical advantage for the Confederacy.

The Battle of Summit Point was part of Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley campaign, which featured other battles such as Guard Hill, Smithfield Crossing, Third Winchester, and Cedar Creek.

This was the battle where the Union forces deployed behind a railroad embankment and unleashed a powerful ambush on the unsuspecting Rebels.

Thomas deployed 23,000 men in four divisions against 20,000 Confederates under the command of Gen. Braxton Bragg.

This was the Red River campaign, considered a strategic distraction.

This was July 11th or 12th, 1864 on the outskirts of Washington D.C, and is the most famous of the defenses. Lincoln remains the lone sitting president to be fired upon by enemy troops.

The campaign was a series of minor battles fought in Virginia during October and November 1863.

Breckinridge advanced over a field where several VMI cadets lost their shoes in the mud.

The battles were Harper’s Ferry, South Mountain, Antietam, and Shepherdstown, and occurred between September 4-20, 1862.

Grant’s troops overran a surprised Confederate camp and destroyed it, but retreated in the face of a counterattack and heavy artillery fire from across the river.

The Confederates sustained more casualties, but after the determined Union resistance on Horseshoe Ridge, the Federals retired to Chattanooga during the night.

This was the night Lincoln later said he dreamt that he saw himself dead in the White House, killed by an assassin.

A week after the Battle of Brandy Station, J.E.B Stuart's cavalry screened Lee's advance to the north, paying special attention to deny access to the mountain passes.

The Union force seized Brown’s Ferry on the Tennessee River, opening up a supply line to the Union army in Chattanooga.

Rosecrans assumed that Bragg's demoralized army would retreat further into Georgia, but Bragg had in fact concentrated his men at LaFayette, Georgia. They met Rosecrans on their way back to occupy Chattanooga.

Saunders Field saw the opening of the Overland Campaign and the Battle of the Wilderness, with Higgerson Farm, Jones's Field and Chewning Farm to the south.

His tactics worked and his command penetrated to the center of the Mule Shoe, but they were left unsupported and forced to withdraw in the face of enemy artillery and mounting reinforcements.

Victory eluded him in most campaigns he personally commanded, but still put up a valiant defense until being replaced by Gen. John B. Hood in the Atlanta campaign.

After being defeated with heavy losses - especially during the final assault of the well-fortified Union position on a hill to the east of Stones River, Bragg helped cement his legacy as one the worst generals of the Civil War.

The unit was the second African-American regiment, following the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry Regiment.

Obviously known for Pickett’s Charge, his military career came to an end when his division was overwhelmed and defeated at the Battle of Five Forks, while he enjoyed some delicious shad.

Robert E. Lee appeared intent on leading a charge across Widow Tapp field, but the Texans would not allow it.

Sedgwick and Major Generals James B. McPherson, Joseph K. Mansfield, and John F. Reynolds were the highest-ranking Union officers to be killed in the war.

Hood was relieved of his command after his disastrous defeats in the battles of Franklin and Nashville.

Most known for being killed in the Battle of Shiloh, which Jefferson Davis believed was “the turning point of our fate.”

The tavern was the scene of the heaviest fighting in the battle, and also where the Union cries of “Victory” were sent up as the Confederates left the field of battle.

“Fighting Joe” Hooker is most known for his ambitious plan for Chancellorsville that was thwarted by Robert E. Lee’s routing of his Union corps.

John Burns, who fought as a civilian combatant with the Union Army during the Battle of Gettysburg.

The battle ruined the Confederate army in the Shenandoah Valley, and it was never again able to maneuver down the valley to threaten the Union capital city of Washington D.C, or the northern states.

The battle is named after Shiloh Methodist Church (pictured here), a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee.

The Carter House was right behind the Union lines, while the Confederates passed the Carnton Plantation on the way to the battle.

After participating in campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley, he was appointed secretary of war, but concluded the war was hopeless, and urged Jefferson Davis to surrender.

Hill was promoted to Lt. Gen. after Stonewall Jackson’s death. His command was interrupted by multiple occasions of illness, but he returned just in time to die during the Third Battle of Petersburg.

Union Maj. Gen. David Hunter was sent by Grant to threaten the breadbasket of the Confederacy. The campaign was a failure when Hunter was so convinced he was facing a superior force that he retreated out of the valley.

Pope was unaware that Longstreet’s wing of 25,000 men was on the field, crushing Pope in a devastating counterattack.

Early’s instructions from Lee were to invade Maryland, destroy the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, and threaten or even take Washington, D.C.

Rosser participated in both Manassas battles, the Seven Days Battles of the Peninsula Campaign, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and several battles in the Shenandoah Valley.

After participating in many unsuccessful campaigns – especially the battles of Stones River, Missionary Ridge, he was killed leading his men at the Battle of Franklin.